新概念英语第一册课文详解及英语语法(全).doc
大家论坛 club.topsage.com1新概念第一册 1-2 课文详解及英语语法 课文详注 Further notes on the text1.Excuse me 对不起。这是常用于表示道歉的客套话,相当于汉语中的“劳驾” 、“对不起 ”。当我们要引起别人的注意、要打搅别人或打断别人的话时,通常都可使用这一表达方式。在课文中,男士为了吸引女士的注意而使用了这句客套话。它也可用在下列场合:向陌生人问路,借用他人的电话,从别人身边挤过,在宴席或会议中途要离开一会儿等等。2.Yes?什么事?课文中的 Yes?应用升调朗读,意为: “什么事?”Yes?以升调表示某种不肯定或询问之意,也含有请对方说下去的意思。3.Pardon?对不起,请再说一遍。当我们没听清或没理解对方的话并希望对方能重复一遍时,就可以使用这一表达方式。较为正式的说法是:I beg your pardon. I beg your pardon? Pardon me.它们在汉语中的意思相当于“对不起,请再说一遍” 或者“对不起,请再说一遍好吗?”4.Thank you very much .非常感谢!这是一句表示感谢的用语,意为“非常感谢(你)” 。请看下列类似的表达式,并注意其语气上的差异:Thank you. 谢谢(你)。 Thanks! 谢谢!5.数字 1~10 的英文写法1—one 2—two 3—three 4—four 5—five6—six 7—seven 8—eight 9—nine 10—ten语法 Grammar in use 一般疑问句一般疑问句根据其结构又分为若干种。通过主谓倒装可将带有 be 的陈述句变为一般疑问句。即将 be 的适当形式移到主语之前,如:陈述句:This is your watch. 这是你的手表。疑问句:Is this your watch? 这是你的手表吗?(可参见 Lessons 15~16 语法部分有关 be 的一般现在时形式的说明。)词汇学习 Word study 1.coat n. 上衣,外套: Is this your coat? 这是你的外套吗?coat and skirt(上衣、裙子匹配的)西式女套装2.dress n.(1)连衣裙;套裙: Is this your dress? 这是你的连衣裙吗?(2)服装;衣服: casual dress 便服; evening dress晚礼服新概念第一册 3-4 课文详解及英语语法课文详注 Further notes on the text 1.My coat and my umbrella please. 请把我的大衣和伞拿给我。这是一个省略形式的祈使句,完整的句子应为:Give me my coat and my umbrella, please.口语中,在语境明确的情况下通常可省略动词和间接宾语,如:(Show me your) Ticket, please. 请出示你的票。(Show me your)Passport, please. 请出示您的护照。2.Here s your umbrella and your coat. 这是您的伞和大衣。Here s 是 Here is 的缩略形式。全句原为:Here is your umbrella and your coat.缩略形式和非缩略形式在英语的书面用语和口语中均有,但非缩略形式常用于比较正式的场合。Here s…是一种习惯用法,句中采用了倒装句式,即系动词提到了主语之前。又如 Here is my ticket 这句话用正常的语序时为 My ticket is here。3.Sorry = I m sorry。这是口语中的缩略形式,通常在社交场合中用于表示对他人的歉意或某种程度的遗憾。Sorry 和 Excuse me 虽在汉语中都可作“对不起” 讲,但 sorry 常用于对自己所犯过失表示道歉,而 Excuse me 则多为表示轻微歉意的客套语。4.Sir,先生。这是英语中对不相识的男子、年长者或上级的尊称。例如:在服务行业中,服务员对男顾客的称呼通常为 sir:What can I do for you, sir? 先生,您要买什么?Thank you, sir. 谢谢您,先生。sir 通常用于正式信函开头的称呼中:Dear sir 亲爱的先生Dear sirs 亲爱的先生们/诸位先生们Sir 可用于有爵士称号者的名字或姓名之前(但不用于姓氏之前):Sir Winston Churchill 温斯顿·丘吉尔爵士Sir William Brown 威廉· 布朗爵士5.数字 11~15 的英文写法11—eleven 12—twelve 13—thirteen 14—fourteen 15—fifteen语法 Grammar in use 否定句否定陈述句与肯定陈述句相反,它表示“否定” ,并且含有一个如 not 之类的否定词。一个内含 be 的否定形式的陈述句,应在其后加 not,以构成否定句:肯定句:This is my umbrella. 这是我的伞。否定句:大家论坛 club.topsage.com2This is not my umbrella. 这不是我的伞。请再看课文中的这两句话:针对一般疑问句的否定的简略答语是 No,it s not/it isn t。此处省略和非省略形式的关系为:is not =isn t;it is = it s。全句应为:No, it is not my umbrella. 不,它不是我的伞。词汇学习 Word study1.suit n.(一套)衣服:Is this your suit? 这是你的衣服吗?a man s suit 一套男装; a woman s suit 一套女装2.please:interjection(表示有礼貌地请求对方)请;烦劳:My coat and my umbrella please. 请把我的大衣和伞拿给我。Please come in. 请进。新概念第一册 5-6 课文详解及练习答案 新概念第一册 5-6 课文详解及练习答案课文详注 Further notes on the text 1.Good morning.早上好。英语中常见的问候用句。对此问候的回应一般也是Good morning。根据一天中见面时间的不同还可以说 Good afternoon (下午好)和 Good evening(晚上好)。有时英美人见面时只简单地说一声 Hello。2.This is Miss Sophie Dupont.这位是索菲娅·杜邦小姐。This is+姓名是将某人介绍给他人时常用的句式。课文中的例子还有:Sophie, this is Hans. 索菲娅,这位是汉斯。And this is Naoko. 这位是直子。3.Mr. Blake/Miss Sophie Dupont,布莱克先生/索菲娅·杜邦 小姐。英语国家中人的姓名通常由 3 部分组成,即:名+中间名+姓。在一般情况下,不用中间名。在熟悉的人中间,以名相称,而在正式的场合中常用 Mr.(先生),Mrs.(太太),Miss(小姐)或 Ms.(女士)这些称呼再加上姓。Mr.用于男士的姓之前,不能单独使用,如课文中的 Mr.Blake;而 sir 一般单独使用,是对长者、上司或男顾客的尊称,如:Sorry, sir. 对不起,先生。Miss 一般用于指未婚女子,不过有时在不知道对方是否已婚时也可使用。4.Nice to meet you.很高兴见到你。用于初次与他人见面等非正式场合。对方的回应一般应为 Nice to meet you,too(我也很高兴见到你)。人们在正式的场合初次见面时常用:How do you do?相应的回答也是:How do you do?这是一句问候语,并非问话。5.国籍与国家名称有别请不要将国家名称和与其对应的国籍搞混。课文的 French,German, Japanese,Korean 以及 Chinese 都是表示国籍的词。句中表示中国国籍的词应为 Chinese 而不是 China。语法 Grammar in use 1.特殊疑问句以疑问词 who,what ,when,which,why, where,whose,how 等引导的问句都叫特殊疑问句,也叫疑问词疑问句,有时还被称为 wh-问句( wh-question)。结构一般为:疑问词+助动词+主语+主动词等。作为疑问词的 what 可以用来询问名字、国籍、工作、颜色、型号等。例如以下几个问句:What make is this car? 这辆小汽车是什么牌子的?What nationality are you? 你是哪国人?What is your job? 你的工作是干什么?What colour is it? 它是什么颜色的?What size is this skirt? 这条裙子是多大号的?2.a 和 anSophie is a new student. 索菲娅是一名新学生。This is an umbrella. 这是一把雨伞。这两个句子中出现的 a/an 在英语中被称为不定冠词。a 和 an 在意义上没有区别。用 a/an 时,我们必须记住两条基本原则:(1)a / an 有不确定的意义(即所说的人、动物或东西对听者或读者来说可能是不知道的)。(2)a / an 只能用于单数可数名词之前。此外还需注意 a 和 an 的发音:a(在平时讲话中发/+/音)用于辅音(不是辅音字母)之前;an(/+(/)用于元音(不仅仅是以元音字母 a,e ,i,o,u 开头的词)之前。当我们把 a 或 an 用来说明字母表中的字母时,便会一目了然:This is a B/ C/D/G/J /K/P/Q/R/ T/U/V/W/Y/Z.这是一个 B/ C/D/G/J /K/P/Q/R/ T/U/V/W/Y/Z 字母。This is an A/E /F/H/I/L/M/N/O/S/X.这是一个 A/E/F/H/I/L/M/N/O/S/X 字母。词汇学习 Word study 1.make n.(产品的)牌子;类型,型号;式样:What make is your watch? 你的手表是什么牌子的?大家论坛 club.topsage.com3Her dress is of Italian make. 她的连衣裙是意大利式的。2.English adj. 英国(人)的;英格兰(人)的;英国化的:Is it an American car or an English car? 它是美国车还是英国车?John is very English. 约翰生活行事非常英国化。练习答案 Key to written exercises Lesson 6AAlice is a student. She isn t German. She is French.This is her car. It is a French car.Hans is a student. He isn t French.He is German. This is his car. It is a German car.B1 Is she a German student or a Japanese student? She isn t a German student. She s a Japanese student.2 Is this a German car or a French car? It isn t a German car. It s a French car.3 Is he an Italian student or a German student? He isn t an Italian student. He s a German student.4 Is she an Italian student or a Chinese student? She isn t an Italian student. She is a Chinese student.5 Is this an American car or an English car? It isn t an American car. It s an English car.6 Is he a Japanese student or a Korean student? He isn t a Japanese student. He s a Korean student.7 Is this an English car or an Italian car? It isn t an English car. It s an Italian car.8 Is he an English student or a Chinese student? He isn t an English student. He s a Chinese student.9 Is this a French car or a German car? It isn t a French car. It s a German car.10 Is this a Chinese car or a Japanese car? It isn t a Chinese car. It s a Japanese car.11 Is this an English car or an American car? It isn t an English car. It s an American car.12 Is this a Japanese car or a Korean car? It isn t a Japanese car. It s a Korean car.新概念第一册 7-8 课文详解及练习答案 课文详注 Further notes on the text1.My name s = My name is。这是自我介绍时通常使用的句型:My name is…(后面加上自己的姓名)。有时也可用 I m…这一句型。2.Are you French,too?你也是法国人吗?在英语中,too 和 either 两个词都表示“也” 的意思,然而 too 仅用于肯定句中,either 则限于用在否定句中。too和 either 一般都放在句末,且前面通常用逗号隔开。例如:Is Sophie Italian, too? 索菲娅也是意大利人吗?Is Robert a keyboard operator, too? 罗伯特也是电脑录入员吗?3.What nationality are you?你是哪国人?此问句用来询问对方的国籍。也可以问 Where are you from?或 Where do you come from?4.What s your job?你是做什么工作的?What s =What is。询问对方从事何种职业时还可以说:What do you do?5.I m an engineer.我是工程师。I m/aim /=I am。口语中经常使用这种缩略形式。英语不定冠词有两个:a ,an 。在发音以元音音素开头的词前面用 an,在发音以辅音音素开头的词前面用a。engineer/?enDNi ni+/的发音是以元音音素开头的,所以前面要用 an。(可参见 Lessons 5~6 中的有关说明。)6.数字 16~20 的英文写法16—sixteen 17—seventeen 18—eighteen 19—nineteen 20—twenty 语法 Grammar in use以疑问词 what 所引导的特殊疑问句(可参见 Lessons 5~6 中的有关说明。)What…?这一问句可以用来询问国籍、工作等等:What nationality are you? 你是哪国人?What s your job? 你是干什么的?对于以上两个问句可如下回答:I m Swedish. 我是瑞典人。I m an air hostess. 我是一名空中小姐。现在不妨改用第 3 人称单数来进行类似的问答:词汇学习 Word study1.job n.(1)职业: What s your job? 你是做什么工作的?(2)(一件)工作,活计: The whole job takes about 40 minutes. 整个工作大约需要四十分钟。(3)职责: It s your job to be on time. 准时是你应该做到的事。2.nurse(1)n.护士;照料者:Is she a nurse or a housewife? 她是护士还是家庭主妇?(2)v.照料;照看:All her time goes into nursing her child. 她把全部时间都花于照看自己的孩子上了。大家论坛 club.topsage.com4(3)v .养护;培养:nurse a young tree 养护树苗nurse an author of promise 培养有前途的作家练习答案 Key to written exercises Lesson 8A1 My name is Robert. I am a student. I am Italian.2 Sophie is not Italian. She is French.3 Mr. Black is my teacher. He is not French.B1 What s his job? Is he a policeman? Yes, he is.2 What s her job? Is she a policewoman? Yes, she is.3 What s his job? Is he a taxi driver? Yes, he is.4 What s her job? Is she an air hostess? Yes, she is.5 What s his job? Is he a postman? Yes, he is.6 What s her job? Is she a nurse? Yes, she is.7 What s his job? Is he a mechanic? Yes, he is.8 What s his job? Is he a hairdresser? Yes, he is.9 What s her job? Is she a housewife? Yes, she is.10 What s his job? Is he a milkman? Yes, he is. 新概念第一册 9-10 课文详解及练习答案课文详注 Further notes on the text 1.How are you today?你今天好吗?这是朋友或相识的人之间见面时问对方身体情况的寒暄话,一般回答语为:Fine, thank you. 很好,谢谢。I m fine, thank you. 很好,谢谢。I m very well, thank you. 很好,谢谢。如问及对方的先生或太太的情况,可以说 How is Tony?或 How s Emma?等。相应的回答可为 He s fine,thanks 或 She s very well, thankyou 等。2.And you?你好吗?是 And how are you?的简略说法。在回答对方问候健康的话之后反问时用。3.数字 21 与 22 的英文写法21—twenty-one 22—twenty-two语法 Grammar in use 1.How…?的一些社交上的用法how 是一个表示“如何” 的疑问词,可以用来引导一些用于社交场合的套话:(1)用于询问健康状况或一般生活情况:How are you? 你好吗?How is Helen today? 海伦今天好吗?How have you been? 你一向可好?(2)How do you do?(你好吗?)是正式介绍中的一句套话,从不用来询问健康:(3)how 经常用在询问目前状况的疑问句里,如:How s life? 生活如何? How are things? 情况怎样? How s work? 工作怎么样?2.形容词的意义与作用(1)形容词修饰名词所指的人、物等。我们用形容词说明人、物等是什么样或看上去是什么样的。例如,形容词可以表示质量、大小、新旧、温度、外形、颜色、产地。(2)许多形容词可用以回答 What…like?这样的问题,并可根据上下文给出笼统的或确切的信息。(3)英语中形容词作定语时一般置于名词之前,如:a young nurse 一位年轻的护士; an old mechanic 一位老机械师a lazy housewife 一个懒惰的家庭主妇 ; a thin woman 一个瘦瘦的女人词汇学习 Word study 1.look v.(1)看,瞧,观,望:Look at that man. Is he thin? 瞧那个男人。他瘦吗?Look carefully before you cross the street. 过马路前要仔细看清来往车辆。(2)面向,朝向:The room looks on the sea. 房间面向大海。Two windows look to the south. 两扇窗子朝南。2.fine adj.(1)健康的;舒适的: How is Steven today? 史蒂文今天怎么样?(2)极好的,优秀的: a fine view 美好的景色 a fine teacher 一位优秀教师(3)优雅的,雅致的: He is a man with fine manners. 他是一个举止优雅的男人。练习答案 Key to written exercises Lesson 10A1 Mr. Blake isn t a student. He s a teacher.2 This isn t my umbrella. It s your umbrella.3 Sophie isn t a teacher. She s a keyboard operator.4 Steven isn t cold. He s hot.5 Naoko isn t Chinese. She s Japanese.6 This isn t a German car. It s a Swedish car.B1 Look at that man. He s very fat.2 Look at that woman. She s very thin.3 Look at that policeman. He s very tall.大家论坛 club.topsage.com54 Look at that policewoman. She s very short.5 Look at that mechanic. He s very dirty.6 Look at that nurse. She s very clean.7 Look at Steven. He s very hot.8 Look at Emma. She s very cold.9 Look at that milkman. He s very old.10 Look at that air hostess. She s very young.11 Look at that hairdresser. He s very busy.12 Look at that housewife. She s very lazy.新概念第一册 11-12 课文详解及练习答案课文详注 Further notes on the text 1.Whose shirt is that ?那是谁的衬衫?这是特殊疑问句。读时用降调。2.Yes,sir?什么事,先生? 请参见 Lessons 1~2 课文详注以及 Lessons 3~4 课文详注。3.Here you are.给你。是给对方东西时的习惯用语。递给对方东西或对方在找某物而你指出该物在什么地方时,往往用这种表达方式。也可以说:Here it is(指单数的物)或 Here they are(指复数的物)。句中的 are 和 is 一般应重读。4.非省略形式和省略形式之间的关系: it is not = it isn t = it s not。5.数字 30 的英文写法: 30 —thirty语法 Grammar in use 1.以疑问词 whose 引导的特殊疑问句(1)用来询问所有关系。所有者总是一个人而且期望得到的回答是某人的名字加- s 形式(如 Tim s 蒂姆的),或者是一个所有格代词(如 mine 我的)。(2)这时 whose 也可在句子中作表语,如:(3)当所有关系中指的是某件东西或某种物质时,whose 后面的名词可以省略:2.所有格形容词和所有格代词(1)所有格形容词与所有格代词都表示所有,即某人或某物属于某一个人,回答以 whose 引导的问句。所有格形容词 my,your 等是限定词,必须始终放在名词之前,只能作定语。它们的形式取决于所有者,而不是被拥有的东西。所有格代词 mine,yours 等不能用在名词前,并且在说话时要加重语气。它们指人或物,单数或复数都一样。请见下表:This is my car. 这是我的汽车。(定语)That is her coat. 这是她的上衣。(定语)Your car is red,mine is blue. 你的车是红色的,我的是蓝色的。(主语)This book is his,not yours. 这本书是他的,不是你的。(表语)I have my way, and she has hers. 我有我的处事方式,她有她的。(宾语)(2)名词所有格是在词尾加- s 构成的,不仅可作定语,还可作表语:Is this Dave s shirt? 这是戴夫的衬衫吗?(作定语)Whose is that shirt? Is it your daughter s? 那条裙子是谁的?是你女儿的吗?(作表语)练习答案 Key to written exercises Lesson 12A1 Stella is here. That is her car.2 Excuse me, Steven. Is this your umbrella?3 I am an air hostess. My name is Britt.4 Paul is here, too. That is his coat.B1 Whose is this handbag? It s Stella s. It s her handbag.2 Whose is this car? It s Paul s. It s his car.3 Whose is this coat? It s Sophie s. It s her coat.4 Whose is this umbrella? It s Steven s. It s his umbrella.5 Whose is this pen? It s my daughter s. It s her pen.6 Whose is this dress? It s my son s. It s his dress.7 Whose is this suit? It s my father s. It s his suit.8 Whose is this skirt? It s my mother s. It s her skirt.9 Whose is this blouse? It s my sister s. It s her blouse.10 Whose is this tie? It s my brother s. It s his tie.11 Whose is this pen? It s Sophie s. It s her pen.12 Whose is this pencil? It s Hans . It s his pencil.词汇学习 Word study1.perhaps adv. 或许,大概,可能: Perhaps it is, sir.也许是,先生。 Perhaps it will rain. 也许要下雨了。Perhaps it s Sophie s handbag. 也许这是索菲娅的手提包。2.catch v.(1)接住,拦住: Catch!接着!(2)逮住,捕捉: catch a thief 捉住一个贼(3)染上(疾病):catch a cold 伤风 I have caught a bad cold. 我得了重感冒。新概念第一册 13-14 课文详解及练习答案课文详注 Further notes on the text1.It s the same colour.一样的颜色。same 通常与定冠词 the 连用,表示“同一的” 、“相同的”:two boys of the same age 两个同龄的男孩子We live in the same city. 我们住在同一个城市里。2.That is a lovely hat!真是一顶可爱的帽子!大家论坛 club.topsage.com6句末用的是赞叹号,表现出较强的感情色彩。句中的 is 用斜体,是为了强调,应重读。3.数字 40,50,60,70,80,90,100,101 的英文写法:40—forty 50—fifty 60—sixty 70—seventy 80—eighty 90—ninety 100—a hundred 101—a hundred and one语法 Grammar in use 1.what colour(s )引导的非凡疑问句 (可参见 Lessons 5~6 语法中有关非凡疑问句的说明。)以疑问词 what 引导的 What colour…?和 What colours…?类型的非凡疑问句式用于询问颜色。又如:What colour is Anna s hat? 安娜的帽子是什么颜色的?What colour s Helen s dog? 海伦的豿是什么颜色的?What colour s your shirt? 你的衬衣是什么颜色的?What colour is it? 它是什么颜色的?2.祈使句(1)祈使句的主语通常不直接表示出来,其谓语动词用原型。祈使句用来表示请求、建议、命令、叮嘱等。如:Follow me. 跟我来。Shut the door, please. 请关门。Look out! 当心!Keep off the grass! 请勿践踏草地!Help yourself. 请自己动手。(2)某些祈使动词可以后跟 and 和另一个祈使动词,而不是后跟人们预料的带 to 的动词不定式结构:Come and see this goldfish. 来看这条金鱼。(不用 Come to see)Go and buy yourself a new pair of shoes. 去给自己买双新鞋吧。(不用 Go to buy)Wait and see. 等着瞧吧。(不用 Wait to see)词汇学习 Word study 1.nice adj.(1)美好的,好看的:It s a nice day today, isn t it? 今天天气真好,不是吗?That s a nice dress. 那件连衣裙真好看。(2)和蔼的,友好的:He is very nice to his neighbours. 他对邻居很友善。(3)使人兴奋的,令人愉快的:It is so nice to have you here. 你能在这儿真是太好了。Have a nice time! 祝你玩得愉快点!2.smart adj.(1)漂亮的,时髦的,巧妙的:Anna s hat is smart. 安娜的帽子漂亮而别致。You look smart in that new dress. 你穿那件新连衣裙看上去时髦而潇洒。(2)聪明的,伶俐的,精明的:She is a smart student. 她是一名聪颖的学生。He is a smart businessman. 他是一位精明的商人。练习答案 Key to written exercises Lesson 14A1 This is Paul s car.2 This is Sophie s coat.3 This is Helen s dog.4 This is my father s suit.5 This is my daughter s dress.B1 What colour s Steven s car? His car s blue.2 What colour s Tim s shirt? His shirt s white.3 What colour s Sophie s coat? Her coat s grey.4 What colour s Mrs. White s carpet? Her carpet s red.5 What colour s Dave s tie? His tie s orange.6 What colour s Steven s hat? His hat is grey and black.7 What colour s Helen s dog? Her dog s brown and white.8 What colour s Hans pen? His pen s green.9 What colour s Luming s suit? His suit s grey.10 What colour s Stella s pencil? Her pencil s blue.11 What colour s Xiaohui s handbag? Her handbag s brown.12 What colour s Sophie s skirt? Her skirt s yellow.新概念第一册 15-16 课文详解及练习答案 课文详注 Further notes on the text 1.Your passports,please.请出示你们的护照。 请参见 Lessons 3~4 课文详注。2.Here they are.给您。本句中的 they 指 passports。请参见 Lessons 11~12课文详注。3.名词的复数形式英语中可数名词有单数和复数两种形式,指一个以上的事物时用复数形式。可数名词的复数形式一般是在单数名词后面加上-s,如课文中的 friend—friends/frendz /,tourist—tourists / tu+rists /,case—cases/ keisiz/。请注重 -s 的不同发音。假如名词是以-s 结尾的,变成复数时则要加-es,如 dress—dresses/ dresiz/, blouse—blouses/ blauziz/。语法 Grammar in use 1.表示复数的-s 或-es 一般遵循的发音规则(1)假如名词词尾的发音是一个清辅音(如 /f/, /k/, /p/,/t/,/I /;但/ s/,/M/,/tM /大家论坛 club.topsag